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| | BUTTE
A third of the world's copper in 1910 Gibraltar of Unionism Richest Hill On Earth 13 urban headframes Deadliest metal mine disaster Berkeley Pit America's #2 red-light district
ANACONDA
Tallest smokestack BA&P Railroad Smelter City Goosetown District

| Join us for the 30th annual VAF Conference
With more than 6,000 contributing properties, the Butte-Anaconda National Historic Landmark District is the largest in the nation. Explore the juxtaposition of heavy industry with multi-ethnic residential neighborhoods in Butte, where the "no smoking" signs in the mines were in 14 languages. A peak population estimated at as much as 100,000 (1917) made this an anomalous urban center in the midst of the cowboy west, as well as the biggest wide-open town (think brothels and speakeasys) in the longest sustained mining boom in U.S. history.
Class distinction was clear-cut, but blurred on streetscapes where tiny miner's cottages share a block with residential hotels and fanciful Queen Anne mansions. The ultimately vernacular 1890s "Cabbage Patch" shanty town is just a few blocks from a prestigious 1906 skyscraper designed by Cass Gilbert.
A field trip will complete the industrial scene, connecting Anaconda's smelters (and smeltermen's homes) to the mines of Butte. The excursions will also explore the ranching and hinterland mining communities of Southwest Montana, including Philipsburg, Pony, and Virginia City, where agricultural and early industrial landscapes cross paths in what are now nearly ghost towns.
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Finntown, Butte | Goosetown, Anaconda | Miners Union Hall, Granite | Two-story outhouse, Nevada City |
Vernacular Architecture Forum Home
June 10-13, 2009
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